Solving the Problem of Dark Matter According to the Duality of Time Theory

The following article is extracted from Chapter III of the Duality of Time book, and some of the details are discussed further in other chapters, as well as Volume III that is the Ultimate Symmetry.

Please also check the related problems of Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy.

Various observations show that there is not sufficient visible matter in the Universe to account for the apparent strength of gravitational forces within and between galaxies. This led to the idea that up to 90% of the matter in the Universe is dark matter that does not emit light or interact with normal baryonic matter.

If we assume that the Universe is made of normal matter, it would be far more lumpy than what is observed today, and it would contain far less deuterium than can be accounted for without dark matter.

Dark matter is controversial because its structure is unknown, but it can be inferred by various observations, such as the anisotropies in the CMB, galaxy cluster velocity dispersions, large-scale structure distributions, gravitational lensing studies, and X-ray measurements of galaxy clusters.

In the Duality of Time Theory, there are four fundamental structures of the complex space-time geometry, which are actually the same four classical elements that are found in the Sumerian and most other ancient civilizations. These four fundamental structures correspond to (0, 0), (c, 0), (0, c) and (c, c), since space-time has a real part and an imaginary part. Physical matter, as it will be explained in the coming chapters, is described as (c, v), which means that it is created internally at the speed of light in the real flow of time, and is moving outward in the imaginary time at velocity v. Dark matter is therefore the ground state of matter which happens when v=0 both as the total outward velocity and any vector velocities of the microscopic particles. This actually corresponds to absolute zero temperature, which describes vacuum, or aether, which, according to the Duality of Time Theory, is different from void that is absolute nothing.

Therefore, dark matter is aether itself, that vacuum or empty space (c, 0), which is the ground state of normal matter (c, v), while dark energy, as we shall see below, is (0, c). The other two space-time structures: (0, 0) and (c, c), correspond to earth and fire, which are the two extreme states of void and the perfect symmetrical space between which the Universe is constantly fluctuating.

List of Some Major Problems Solved by the Duality of Time Theory

In the following articles, we will list some of the major unsolved problems in theoretical physics and describe them in brief, stating their potential solutions according to the Duality of Time Postulate. Although many of these problems will be simply eliminated according to the new genuinely-complex time-time geometry, a detailed theoretical and mathematical analysis is required in order to explain how these problems are settled. Therefore, some of the following brief suggested solutions may be speculative.

These articles are extracted from Chapter III of the Duality of Time book, and some of the details are discussed further in other chapters, as well as Volume III that is the Ultimate Symmetry. A more concise description is also published in Time Chest.

The Arrow of Time Problem	Logical Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics	Problem of Physical Information
The Problem of Causality	The Planck Scale Problem	Problem of Magnetic Monopoles
EPR and the Problem of Non-Locality	Problem of Quantum Gravity	Mass Generation Mechanism
Homogeneity and the Horizon Problem	Problem of Neutrino Masses	Problem of Color Confinement
The Hierarchy Problem	Problem of Cosmic Inflation	Problem of Yang-Mills Theory
Problem of Unification of Fundamental Interactions	Problem of Super-Symmetry	Problem of Baryon Asymmetry
Problem of Dark Matter	Problem of Dark Energy	Cosmological Constant Problems

The Duality of Time Postulate

To understand how all these major problems could be solved so easily, please study first the Duality of Time Postulate, that has been extracted from Chapter V of the Duality of Time book.

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