The Horizon Problem

The following article is extracted from Chapter III of the Duality of Time book, and some of the details are discussed further in other chapters, as well as Volume III that is the Ultimate Symmetry.

Since the Universe has a finite age, and light travels at a finite speed, so information can’t travel faster than light, this means any two regions of space that are not in causal contact are completely separated and can not interact. Yet the Universe appears to be homogeneous in all directions, while there is no mechanism to cause the various separated regions to have the same temperature, as observed by the isotropy of the background radiation!

As we discussed in section 6.4, the cosmic inflation models provide a resolution to this apparent inconsistency, where a homogeneous and isotropic scalar energy field dominates the Universe at some very early period, before baryogenesis, then during inflation, the Universe undergoes exponential expansion, and the particle horizon expands much more rapidly than previously assumed, so that regions presently on opposite sides of the observable Universe are well inside each other’s particle horizon.

However, in the Duality of Time Theory, according to the perpetual re-creation, since the universe, no matter how large it could be, is re-created sequentially in the inner levels of time, all the states are synchronized before they appear as one instance in the normal time level. This would not have been conceivable without taking rigid space as flowing time in the inner level, and thus the outer time becomes latent to it.

So the observed homogeneity of the Universe is not a problem anymore, but it is indeed a solid confirmation of the Duality of Time Theory where, although we measure a finite value of it, the speed of light is intrinsically infinite as we discussed in this article.

List of Some Major Problems Solved by the Duality of Time Theory

In the following articles, we will list some of the major unsolved problems in theoretical physics and describe them in brief, stating their potential solutions according to the Duality of Time Postulate. Although many of these problems will be simply eliminated according to the new genuinely-complex time-time geometry, a detailed theoretical and mathematical analysis is required in order to explain how these problems are settled. Therefore, some of the following brief suggested solutions may be speculative.

These articles are extracted from Chapter III of the Duality of Time book, and some of the details are discussed further in other chapters, as well as Volume III that is the Ultimate Symmetry. A more concise description is also published in Time Chest.

The Arrow of Time Problem	Logical Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics	Problem of Physical Information
The Problem of Causality	The Planck Scale Problem	Problem of Magnetic Monopoles
EPR and the Problem of Non-Locality	Problem of Quantum Gravity	Mass Generation Mechanism
Homogeneity and the Horizon Problem	Problem of Neutrino Masses	Problem of Color Confinement
The Hierarchy Problem	Problem of Cosmic Inflation	Problem of Yang-Mills Theory
Problem of Unification of Fundamental Interactions	Problem of Super-Symmetry	Problem of Baryon Asymmetry
Problem of Dark Matter	Problem of Dark Energy	Cosmological Constant Problems

The Duality of Time Postulate

To understand how all these major problems could be solved so easily, please study first the Duality of Time Postulate, that has been extracted from Chapter V of the Duality of Time book.